26videosBen Eater
1.4M subscribers on YouTube
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Playlists · 4
15:10ALU Design
531K viewsDesigning the arithmetic logic unit for the 8-bit computer, using adders and two's-complement subtraction.
9:36Bus architecture and how register transfers work - 8 bit register - Part 1
527K viewsBus architecture and how register transfers work in his 8-bit breadboard computer.
28:10Connecting an LCD to our computer — 6502 part 4
1.29M viewsConnecting a character LCD to the 6502 computer through a VIA chip and driving it from assembly.
16:01D flip-flop
775K viewsEdge-triggered D flip-flops: how an RC edge detector turns a latch into something that changes only on the clock edge.
9:16
15:51How semiconductors work
488K viewsHow semiconductors work: doping, P-type and N-type silicon and the PN junction.
38:14RAM and bus timing — 6502 part 6
634K viewsAdding RAM to the 6502 computer and working through bus timing diagrams from the datasheet.
43:54Reliable data transmission
1.86M viewsHow reliable data transmission works: framing, errors, acknowledgements and retransmission.
33:00SPI: The serial peripheral interface
838K viewsThe SPI serial bus explained with a logic analyzer: clock, MOSI, MISO and chip select.
26:10The RS-232 protocol
1.02M viewsThe RS-232 serial protocol: voltage levels, start and stop bits and baud rates, decoded on a scope.

“Hello, world” from scratch on a 6502 — Part 1
5.85M viewsBuilding a computer around the 6502 processor on a breadboard and running 'Hello, world'.
27:528-bit CPU control logic: Part 1
1.46M viewsDesigning the control logic of an 8-bit breadboard computer: how microcode steps drive each instruction.
15:35Assembly language vs. machine code — 6502 part 3
1.17M viewsWriting assembly for the 6502 breadboard computer and how assembly maps to machine code.
27:36Hardware interrupts
665K viewsHow hardware interrupts work on the 6502: IRQ and NMI, interrupt handlers and their pitfalls.
37:18How Wozniak’s code for the Apple 1 works
384K viewsBen Eater walks through Steve Wozniak's original Apple 1 monitor program (WozMon), line by line.
47:30How do CRCs work?
696K viewsHow cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) detect transmission errors, from polynomial division to hardware.
34:15How does a USB keyboard work?
3.76M viewsHow a USB keyboard communicates with a computer: low-level USB signalling, decoded with an oscilloscope.
13:39Learn how computers add numbers and build a 4 bit adder circuit
4.61M viewsBen Eater builds a 4-bit binary adder from logic gates on a breadboard and explains how carries propagate.
18:20Making a computer Turing complete
579K viewsWhat it means for a computer to be Turing complete, using his breadboard computer as the example.
13:02Making logic gates from transistors
3.12M viewsHow transistors are combined into AND, OR, NOT and other logic gates, demonstrated on a breadboard.
32:47The world's worst video card?
7.13M viewsBen Eater builds a VGA video card from logic chips on breadboards, explaining video timing and pixel generation.
13:49Twos complement: Negative numbers in binary
1.38M viewsWhy computers use two's complement to represent negative numbers, compared with sign-magnitude and ones' complement.
24:25What is a stack and how does it work? — 6502 part 5
826K viewsHow the 6502 stack and subroutine calls (JSR/RTS) work, debugged on real hardware with a logic analyser.
30:36Why was Facebook down for five hours?
803K viewsHow the 2021 Facebook outage happened: BGP, DNS and how a configuration change took Facebook off the internet.
11:23How a transistor works
848K viewsBen Eater explains how a transistor works, from semiconductor doping to the P-N junction and amplification.

How do CPUs read machine code? — 6502 part 2
3.26M viewsHow a CPU fetches and executes machine code, shown with a logic analyzer on a real 6502.
24:23World's worst video card? The exciting conclusion
3.15M viewsPart two of the breadboard video card: generating pixel data from memory and getting an image on screen.
27:51Astable 555 timer - 8-bit computer clock - part 1
1.76M viewsBuilding an astable 555 timer clock for an 8-bit computer.
16:32Let's build a voltage multiplier!
3.33M viewsBuilding a voltage multiplier and explaining how diodes and capacitors stack voltage.
12:58
28:43Why build an entire computer on breadboards?
A 29-minute video from Ben Eater: “Why build an entire computer on breadboards?”.
20:286502 serial interface
329K viewsA 20-minute video from Ben Eater's catalogue; the title names its topic.
18:228-bit CPU control logic: Part 2
288K viewsA 18-minute video from Ben Eater's catalogue; the title names its topic.
43:528-bit CPU control logic: Part 3
423K viewsA 44-minute video from Ben Eater's catalogue; the title names its topic.
13:178-bit CPU control signal overview
249K viewsA 13-minute video from Ben Eater's catalogue; the title names its topic.
17:598-bit CPU reset circuit and power supply tips
187K viewsA 18-minute video from Ben Eater's catalogue; the title names its topic.
Books that go with these videos
- Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software, Charles PetzoldBuilds a computer up from switches and logic gates, like this series
- But How Do It Know?, J. Clark ScottA gentle, step-by-step walk through how a CPU works
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